Select annotated bibliography entry
El Hamel, Chouki. Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Examines the history of slavery in Morocco from the beginning of the Islamic era through the reign of Mawlay Isma‘il in the 17th and 18th centuries. The book places special emphasis on the enslaved “Black army” and argues that, despite European travel narratives generally representing Morocco as free of racial prejudice, Black Moroccans were stigmatized and marginalized. It concludes with a profile of the Moroccan Gnawa, an ethnic group descended from enslaved Black people. The book analyzes slavery through the interplay of race, gender, and religion.
